Tower of the Winds
ΑΕΡΗΔΕΣ

The oldest meteorological station known to man!

​At the very beginning of Aiolou Street, the street dedicated to Aiolos, the deity of the winds, and within the archaeological site of the Roman Agora, situated on the north slope of the Acropolis, in Plaka, the visitor encounters a very interesting ancient monument, of the Corinthian order of architecture, known as Aerides (the Winds). Its official name is the Horologion of Kyrristos or Cyrrhus, since it is believed to have been erected by Andronikos of Kyrristos in Syria.

​It is an octagonal building, made of white marble from the quarries of Mt. Penteli, 12 m (36 ft) tall, without columns and a diameter of approx. 8. Each of the 8 faces is 2.80 m long. The building rests on a base of three steps and has two entrances, to the NW and to the NE. The pediments of the two doors are ruined but the door case of the NW is intact.

Floor plan. Tower of the Winds, Athens.

The roof forms a low octagonal pyramid composed of 24 slabs of marble held together by a round keystone. It was originally topped by a weathervane-like bronze Triton, which, turning by the wind was pointing to the section that corresponded to the wind direction. In its interior, almost 7 m broad, there was a hydraulic (water)  clock (or clepsydra), driven by water coming down from the Acropolis, to indicate time at night and on days with inadequate sunlight.

Rendering, The Tower of the Winds, Athens.

​The Tower of the Winds, later called School or The Tomb of Socrates, was used in early Christian times as the bell-tower of a nearby Byzantine church. Restoration work during the Summer of 2015 uncovered parts of a wall painting with a Christian subject matter, testifying to this continuous use of the Tower. Under Turkish occupation it became a "tekke" used by whirling dervishes. It was fully excavated in the 19th c. by the Archaeological Society of Athens.
 
Research has shown that the considerable height of the Tower was intended to make the sundials and the wind-vane visible throughout the Agora, effectively making it into an early example of a clock-tower. This monument is considered to be the oldest meteorological station known to man. 
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The Winds

​Below the frieze there are eight reliefs representing the eight wind deities as winged figures, the names of which are indicated with inscriptions, as: Boreas (North), looking towards Aiolou Street, Kaikas (NorthEast), Euros (SouthEast), Apeliotes (East), Notos (South), Livas (SouthWest), Zephyros (West) and Skiron (NorthWest). The rendering of the winds by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett, 1762.

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